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Pattern Catalog

126 patterns across 4 languages (32 KO + 31 EN + 31 ZH + 32 JA), organized in 6 categories. Most patterns are universal; a few slots have language-specific variants. Each pattern has a fire condition, an exclude condition (so legitimate uses don't get flagged), and example before/after pairs in examples/.

Category # of patterns Range
Content 6 #1–#6
Language 6 #7–#12 (language-specific)
Style 6 #13–#18 (some language-specific)
Communication 4 #19–#21, #29
Filler & Hedging 3 #22–#24
Structure 4 #25–#28 (some language-specific)
Universal extensions 3 #30–#32 (KO/JA only for #32)

Universal patterns

These categories are identical across all four languages.

Content (#1–#6)

# Pattern What AI does Fix
1 Importance Inflation "groundbreaking milestone", "pivotal turning point" Specific facts, dates, numbers
2 Media/Notability Inflation "garnered significant attention" Cite one specific source
3 Superficial Analysis Chains of "-ing" / "-하며" verbs with no real explanation Real explanation or sources
4 Promotional Language "stunning, world-class, hidden gem" Neutral description
5 Vague Attributions "experts say... studies show" Name the actual source
6 Formulaic Challenges/Prospects "despite challenges... bright future" Specific problems and concrete plans

Communication (#19–#21, #29)

# Pattern What AI does Fix
19 Chatbot Phrases "Hope this helps! Let me know" Remove
20 Training Cutoff Disclaimers "as of my last update" Find sources or remove
21 Sycophantic Tone "Great question! Exactly right" Respond directly
29 False Nuance "Actually, it's more nuanced..." Add real evidence or cut

Filler & Hedging (#22–#24)

# Pattern What AI does Fix
22 Filler Phrases Padding words Cut
23 Excessive Hedging Over-qualified statements Direct statement
24 Vague Positive Conclusions "bright future ahead" Specific plans or facts

Language-specific patterns

Language (#7–#12) — grammar and vocabulary

# KO EN ZH JA
7 AI filler vocabulary AI vocabulary (delve, tapestry) AI buzzwords (赋能/助力/深耕) AI buzzword overuse
8 -jeok (적) suffix overuse Copula avoidance ("serves as") Four-character idioms (成语) -teki (的) suffix overuse
9 Negative parallelisms Negative parallelisms 的/地/得 over-normalization Negative parallelisms
10 Rule of three Rule of three Parallelism overuse (排比句) Rule of three
11 Synonym cycling Synonym cycling Synonym cycling Synonym cycling
12 Verbose particles False ranges ("from X to Y") Verbose prepositional frames Katakana loanword overuse

Style (#13–#18) — formatting and register

# KO EN ZH JA
13 Excessive connectors Em dash overuse Excessive connectors Excessive connectors
14 Boldface overuse Boldface overuse Boldface overuse Boldface overuse
15 Inline-header lists Inline-header lists Inline-header lists Inline-header lists
16 Progressive tense (-고 있다) Title Case in headings 地-adverb overuse Excessive keigo (ございます)
17 Emojis Emojis Emojis Emojis
18 Excessive formal language Curly quotation marks Bureaucratic register (公文体) Stiff である-style

Structure (#25–#28) — document-level

# KO EN ZH JA
25 Structural repetition Metronomic paragraph structure Structural repetition Structural repetition
26 Translationese Passive nominalization chains Translationese / Europeanized Translationese
27 Passive voice overuse Zombie nouns 被-overuse ている progressive overuse
28 Unnecessary loanwords Stacked subordinate clauses 总分总 structure overuse 起承転結 formula overuse

Universal extensions (v3.4.0+)

# All languages
30 Rhetorical question openers ("Have you ever wondered…?", "혹시 ~인가요?", "那么…呢？", "~でしょうか？")
31 Conclusion signal words ("In conclusion", "결론적으로", "总而言之", "結論として")
32 Comparative adverb overuse — KO 보다 / JA より only

AI-lexicon overlap (step 4.7)

In addition to the 126 patterns, two flat dictionaries flag AI-favored phrases not enumerated in the catalog:

  • lexicon/ai-en.md — 108 entries (50 strict + 58 phrases)
  • lexicon/ai-ko.md — 102 entries (49 strict + 54 phrases)

Densities are computed per 1000 tokens; threshold default is 2.0. See core/stylometry.md §16 for the algorithm and the post-evaluation drop list.

Adding a new language

  1. Create patterns/{lang}-content.md, {lang}-language.md, {lang}-style.md, {lang}-communication.md, {lang}-filler.md, {lang}-structure.md.
  2. Set language: {lang} in each file's frontmatter.
  3. Use /patina --lang {lang} — auto-discovered, no config changes needed.

Pattern frontmatter format:

---
pack: my-patterns
language: ko
name: My Custom Patterns
version: 1.0.0
patterns: 1
---

Custom patterns

Drop a .md file into custom/patterns/ — auto-loaded:

---
pack: my-patterns
language: ko
name: My Custom Patterns
version: 1.0.0
patterns: 1
---

### 1. Pattern Name
**Problem:** What AI does wrong
**Before:** > AI-sounding example
**After:** > Natural-sounding fix

See CONTRIBUTING.md for submission guidelines and staleness reports.