NeurIPS-2023SwapPrompt: Test-Time Prompt Adaptation for Vision-Language Models- Xiaosong Ma, Jie Zhang, Song Guo, Wenchao Xu
NeurIPS-2023Test-Time Distribution Normalization for Contrastively Learned Vision-language Models- Yifei Zhou, Juntao Ren, Fengyu Li, Ramin Zabih, Ser-Nam Lim
AAAI-2024Robust Test-Time Adaptation for Zero-Shot Prompt Tuning- Ding-Chu Zhang, Zhi Zhou, Yu-Feng Li
AAAI-2024DART: Dual-Modal Adaptive Online Prompting and Knowledge Retention for Test-Time Adaptation- Zichen Liu, Hongbo Sun, Yuxin Peng, Jiahuan Zhou
CVPR-2024Efficient Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language Models- Adilbek Karmanov, Dayan Guan, Shijian Lu, Abdulmotaleb El Saddik, Eric Xing
CVPR-2024Dual Memory Networks: A Versatile Adaptation Approach for Vision-Language Models- Yabin Zhang, Wenjie Zhu, Hui Tang, Zhiyuan Ma, Kaiyang Zhou, Lei Zhang
CVPR-2024Improved Self-Training for Test-Time Adaptation- Jing Ma
CVPR-2024Any-Shift Prompting for Generalization over Distributions- Zehao Xiao, Jiayi Shen, Mohammad Mahdi Derakhshani, Shengcai Liao, Cees G. M. Snoek
IJCNN-2024Prompt-based Memory Bank for Continual Test-Time Domain Adaptation in Vision-Language Models- Ran Wang, Hua Zuo, Zhen Fang, Jie Lu
ECCV-2024Online Zero-Shot Classification with CLIP- Qi Qian, Juhua Hu
ECCVW-2024A Lost Opportunity for Vision-Language Models: A Comparative Study of Online Test-Time Adaptation for Vision-Language Models- Mario Döbler, Robert A. Marsden, Tobias Raichle, Bin Yang
ACMMM-2024Towards Robustness Prompt Tuning with Fully Test-Time Adaptation for CLIP’s Zero-Shot Generalization- Ran Wang, Hua Zuo, Zhen Fang, Jie Lu
NeurIPS-2024WATT: Weight Average Test-Time Adaptation of CLIP- David Osowiechi, Mehrdad Noori, Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Hakim, Moslem Yazdanpanah, Ali Bahri, Milad Cheraghalikhani, Sahar Dastani, Farzad Beizaee, Ismail Ben Ayed, Christian Desrosiers
NeurIPS-2024Dual Prototype Evolving for Test-Time Generalization of Vision-Language Models- Ce Zhang, Simon Stepputtis, Katia Sycara, Yaqi Xie
NeurIPS-2024BoostAdapter: Improving Vision-Language Test-Time Adaptation via Regional Bootstrapping- Taolin Zhang, Jinpeng Wang, Hang Guo, Tao Dai, Bin Chen, Shu-Tao Xia
NeurIPS-2024Historical Test-time Prompt Tuning for Vision Foundation Models- Jingyi Zhang, Jiaxing Huang, Xiaoqin Zhang, Ling Shao, Shijian Lu
BIBM-2024Test-Time Medical Image Segmentation Using CLIP-Guided SAM Adaptation- Haotian Chen, Yonghui Xu, Yanyu Xu, Yixin Zhang, Lizhen Cui
arXiv 2024DOTA: Distributional Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language Model- Zongbo Han, Jialong Yang, Junfan Li, Qinghua Hu, Qianli Xu, Mike Zheng Shou, Changqing Zhang
arXiv 2024Test-time Alignment-Enhanced Adapter for Vision-Language Models- Baoshun Tong, Kaiyu Song, Hanjiang Lai
arXiv 2024BaFTA: Backprop-Free Test-Time Adaptation For Zero-Shot Vision-Language Models- Xuefeng Hu, Ke Zhang, Min Sun, Albert Chen, Cheng-Hao Kuo, Ram Nevatia
arXiv 2024Words Matter: Leveraging Individual Text Embeddings for Code Generation in CLIP Test-Time Adaptation- Shambhavi Mishra, Julio Silva-Rodrıguez, Ismail Ben Ayed, Marco Pedersoli, Jose Dolz
arXiv 2024Beyond Model Adaptation at Test Time: A Survey- Zehao Xiao, Cees G. M. Snoek
WACV-2025CLIPArTT: Adaptation of CLIP to New Domains at Test Time- Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Hakim, David Osowiechi, Mehrdad Noori, Milad Cheraghalikhani, Ali Bahri, Moslem Yazdanpanah, Ismail Ben Ayed, Christian Desrosiers
ICLR-2025Noisy Test-Time Adaptation in Vision-Language Models- Chentao Cao, Zhun Zhong, Zhanke Zhou, Tongliang Liu, Yang Liu, Kun Zhang, Bo Han
ICLR-2025Efficient and Context-Aware Label Propagation for Zero-/Few-Shot Training-Free Adaptation of Vision-Language Model- Yushu Li, Yongyi Su, Adam Goodge, Kui Jia, Xun Xu
ICLR-2025DynaPrompt: Dynamic Test-Time Prompt Tuning- Zehao Xiao, Shilin Yan, Jack Hong, Jiayin Cai, Xiaolong Jiang, Yao Hu, Jiayi Shen, Cheems Wang, Cees G. M. Snoek
ICLR-2025Test-time Adaptation for Cross-modal Retrieval with Query Shift- Haobin Li, Peng Hu, Qianjun Zhang, Xi Peng, XitingLiu, Mouxing Yang
ICLRW-2025Mitigating Cache Noise in Test-Time Adaptation for Large Vision-Language Models- Haotian Zhai, Xinyu Chen, Can Zhang, Tianming Sha, Ruirui Li
CVPR-2025Free on the Fly: Enhancing Flexibility in Test-Time Adaptation with Online EM- Qiyuan Dai, Sibei Yang
CVPR-2025Bayesian Test-Time Adaptation for Vision-Language Models- Lihua Zhou, Mao Ye, Shuaifeng Li, Nianxin Li, Xiatian Zhu, Lei Deng, Hongbin Liu, Zhen Lei
CVPR-2025COSMIC: Clique-Oriented Semantic Multi-space Integration for Robust CLIP Test-Time Adaptation- Fanding Huang, Jingyan Jiang, Qinting Jiang, Hebei Li, Faisal Nadeem Khan, Zhi Wang
CVPR-2025Hierarchical Knowledge Prompt Tuning for Multi-task Test-Time Adaptation- Qiang Zhang, Mengsheng Zhao, Jiawei Liu, Fanrui Zhang, Yongchao Xu, Zheng-Jun Zha
CVPR-2025On the Zero-shot Adversarial Robustness of Vision-Language Models: A Truly Zero-shot and Training-free Approach- Baoshun Tong, Hanjiang Lai, Yan Pan, Jian Yin
ICCV-2025BATCLIP: Bimodal Online Test-Time Adaptation for CLIP- Sarthak Kumar Maharana, Baoming Zhang, Leonid Karlinsky, Rogerio Feris, Yunhui Guo
ICCV-2025Is Less More? Exploring Token Condensation as Training-free Test-time Adaptation- Zixin Wang, Dong Gong, Sen Wang, Zi Huang, Yadan Luo
TMLR-2025Effectiveness of Vision Language Models for Open-world Single Image Test Time Adaptation- Manogna Sreenivas, Soma Biswas
TIP-2025Task-to-Instance Prompt Learning for Vision-Language Models at Test Time- Jiawang Bai, Zhihe Lu, Xin Li, Zeyu Xiao, Xinchao Wang
PR-2025CTPT: Continual Test-time Prompt Tuning for Vision-Language Models- Fan Wang, Zhongyi Han, Xingbo Liu, Yilong Yin, Xin Gao
BMVC-2025ETTA: Efficient Test-Time Adaptation for Vision-Language Models through Dynamic Embedding Updates- Hamidreza Dastmalchi, Aijun An, Ali cheraghian
arXiv 2025Online Gaussian Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language Models- Clément Fuchs, Maxime Zanella, Christophe De Vleeschouwer
arXiv 2025Space Rotation with Basis Transformation for Training-free Test-Time Adaptation- Chenhao Ding, Xinyuan Gao, Songlin Dong, Yuhang He, Qiang Wang, Xiang Song, Alex Kot, Yihong Gong
arXiv 2025TEST-V: TEst-time Support-set Tuning for Zero-shot Video Classification- Rui Yan, Jin Wang, Hongyu Qu, Xiaoyu Du, Dong Zhang, Jinhui Tang, Tieniu Tan
arXiv 2025Uniformity First: Uniformity-aware Test-time Adaptation of Vision-language Models against Image Corruption- Kazuki Adachi, Shin'ya Yamaguchi, Tomoki Hamagami
arXiv 2025Small Aid, Big Leap: Efficient Test-Time Adaptation for Vision-Language Models with AdaptNet- Xiao Chen, Jiazhen Huang, Qinting Jiang, Fanding Huang, Xianghua Fu, Jingyan Jiang, Zhi Wang
arXiv 2025MINT: Memory-Infused Prompt Tuning at Test-time for CLIP- Jiaming Yi, Ruirui Pan, Jishen Yang, Xiulong Yang
arXiv 2025BayesTTA: Continual-Temporal Test-Time Adaptation for Vision-Language Models via Gaussian Discriminant Analysis- Shuang Cui, Jinglin Xu, Yi Li, Xiongxin Tang, Jiangmeng Li, Jiahuan Zhou, Fanjiang Xu, Fuchun Sun, Hui Xiong
arXiv 2025CLIPTTA: Robust Contrastive Vision-Language Test-Time Adaptation- Marc Lafon, Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Hakim, Clément Rambour, Christian Desrosier, Nicolas Thome
arXiv 2025Negation-Aware Test-Time Adaptation for Vision-Language Models- Haochen Han, Alex Jinpeng Wang, Fangming Liu
Openreview 2025Active Test Time Prompt Learning in Vision-Language Models- Dhruv Sarkar, Aprameyo Chakrabartty, Bibhudatta Bhanja, Abir Das
arXiv 2025Adaptive Cache Enhancement for Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language Models- Khanh-Binh Nguyen, Phuoc-Nguyen Bui, Hyunseung Choo, Duc Thanh Nguyen
arXiv 2025Backpropagation-Free Test-Time Adaptation via Probabilistic Gaussian Alignment- Youjia Zhang, Youngeun Kim, Young-Geun Choi, Hongyeob Kim, Huiling Liu, Sungeun Hong
arXiv 2025COLA: Context-aware Language-driven Test-time Adaptation- Aiming Zhang, Tianyuan Yu, Liang Bai, Jun Tang, Yanming Guo, Yirun Ruan, Yun Zhou, Zhihe Lu
arXiv 2025Bayesian Test-time Adaptation for Object Recognition and Detection with Vision-language Models- Lihua Zhou, Mao Ye, Shuaifeng Li, Nianxin Li, Jinlin Wu, Xiatian Zhu, Lei Deng, Hongbin Liu, Jiebo Luo, Zhen Lei
arXiv 2025TTRV: Test-Time Reinforcement Learning for Vision Language Models- Akshit Singh, Shyam Marjit, Wei Lin, Paul Gavrikov, Serena Yeung-Levy, Hilde Kuehne, Rogerio Feris, Sivan Doveh, James Glass, M. Jehanzeb Mirza
arXiv 2025Class-Aware Prototype Learning with Negative Contrast for Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language Models- Xiaozhen Qiao, Jingkai Zhao, Yuqiu Jiang, Xianda Guo, Zhe Sun, Hongyuan Zhang, Xuelong Li
AAAI 2026Panda: Test-Time Adaptation with Negative Data Augmentation- Ruxi Deng, Wenxuan Bao, Tianxin Wei, Jingrui He
AAAI 2026Adapt-As-You-Walk Through the Clouds: Training-Free Online Test-Time Adaptation of 3D Vision-Language Foundation Models- Mehran Tamjidi, Hamidreza Dastmalchi, Mohammadreza Alimoradijazi, Ali Cheraghian, Aijun An, Morteza Saberi
ICASSP 2026Training-Free Test-Time Adaptation with Brownian Distance Covariance in Vision-Language Models- Yi Zhang, Chun-Wun Cheng, Angelica I. Aviles-Rivero, Zhihai He, Liang-Jie Zhang
arXiv 2026Subspace Alignment for Vision-Language Model Test-time Adaptation- Zhichen Zeng, Wenxuan Bao, Xiao Lin, Ruizhong Qiu, Tianxin Wei, Xuying Ning, Yuchen Yan, Chen Luo, Monica Xiao Cheng, Jingrui He, Hanghang Tong
